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Source: https://lazyadmin.nl/powershell/copy-file/

We can use PowerShell to copy a file from one location to another with the Copy-Item cmdlet. The location can be another local folder or a remote computer. Besides files, we can also copy complete folders with subfolders and content. And it’s even possible to filter the files that we copy.

Table Of Contents

1. Copy a file with PowerShell
2. PowerShell Copy Folder
3. Copy and Merge Multiple Folders at Once
4. Filter Files to Copy
5. Copy File to Remote Computer with PowerShell
6. Wrapping Up

In this article, we are going to take a look at different examples of how to copy a file with PowerShell.

Copy a file with PowerShell

Let’s start with the basics when it comes to copying files with PowerShell. When you want to copy a single file you will need to specify the source path and the destination folder:

Copy-Item -Path "C:\temp\files\la-ams-ad01-log-1.txt" -Destination "d:\temp\"

# Copy is a shorthand for Copy-Item:
Copy "C:\temp\files\la-ams-ad01-log-1.txt" "d:\temp\"

Keep in mind that you will need to end the destination folder name with a \, otherwise, you will rename the file. This is also one of the useful features of the Copy-Item cmdlet, we can specify a new name for the file on the destination:

# Copy and rename the file:
Copy-Item -Path "C:\temp\files\la-ams-ad01-log-2.txt" -Destination "d:\temp\logfile.txt"

PowerShell Copy Folder

We can use the Copy-Item cmdlet also to copy a complete folder to a new location. But when it comes to copying folders it’s important to use the correct ending in the source and destination paths:

Copy Folders with PowerShell

In the examples below I am going to use the following folder structure with a subfolder as the source:

C:\TEMP\FILES
│   11022022-app.log
│   11032021-app.log
│   11032022-app.log
│   11102021-app.log
│   15032022-app.log
│   la-ams-ad01-log-1.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-2.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-3.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-4.txt
│   la-ams-file02-log-1.txt
│   la-ams-file02-log-2.txt
│
└───subfolder
        la-osl-ad01-log-1.txt
        la-osl-file01-log-1.txt
        LT3452-process-errors.log
        LT3452-process.log
        readme.txt

To copy only the files and empty subfolders from c:\temp\files we will need to use a wildcard for the source path:

Copy-Item -Path "C:\temp\files\*"  -Destination "d:\temp\"

# Result
D:\TEMP
│   11022022-app.log
│   11032021-app.log
│   11032022-app.log
│   11102021-app.log
│   15032022-app.log
│   la-ams-ad01-log-1.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-2.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-3.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-4.txt
│   la-ams-file02-log-1.txt
│   la-ams-file02-log-2.txt
│
└───subfolder  # Note - Sub folder is empty

To copy all content including the subfolders with PowerShell we will need to specify the -recurce parameter. This way the content of the subfolder is also copied to the new location:

# Copy all content including subfolder:
Copy-Item -Path "C:\temp\files\*"  -Destination "d:\temp\" -Recurse

# Result
D:\TEMP
│   11022022-app.log
│   11032021-app.log
│   11032022-app.log
│   11102021-app.log
│   15032022-app.log
│   la-ams-ad01-log-1.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-2.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-3.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-4.txt
│   la-ams-file02-log-1.txt
│   la-ams-file02-log-2.txt
│
└───subfolder
        la-osl-ad01-log-1.txt
        la-osl-file01-log-1.txt
        LT3452-process-errors.log
        LT3452-process.log
        readme.txt

Copy and Merge Multiple Folders at Once

Something you probably won’t use a lot but can be very handy is the ability to copy and merge multiple folders at once with the Copy-Item cmdlet. We can specify multiple source paths to the cmdlet and a single destination.

This way the contents of all source locations will be copied to a single location:

 Copy-Item -Path c:\logs-server-A\*,c:\logs-server-b\* -Destination d:\logs

Filter Files to Copy

With the Include and Exclude parameters we can filter out which files to copy or not. The filter is matched against the full name of the file (including extension) and against folder names in your source path.

So to copy only files with the extension .log we can use the include filter like this:

# Copy only files with the extension .log
Copy-Item -Path c:\temp\* -Destination d:\temp -Include *.log

# Result
# Note that the .log files from the subfolder are note copied
D:\TEMP
    11022022-app.log
    11032021-app.log
    11032022-app.log
    11102021-app.log
    15032022-app.log

Note the wildcard, which is always required if you want to filter on a part of the name. Good to know is that the -Recurse parameter won’t work here. If you have subfolders with .log files in them, they won’t be copied. The filter is only applied to the top level of the path.

Using the Exclude Filter

Excluding files works the same way. We can specify a part of the name of the files and folders that we don’t want to copy. Keep in mind, that if a subfolder doesn’t match the exclude string, it will be copied as well with all contents.

# Copy everything, except .log files:
Copy-Item -Path c:\temp\files\* -Destination d:\temp\ -Exclude *.log -Recurse

# Result:
D:\TEMP
│   la-ams-ad01-log-1.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-2.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-3.txt
│   la-ams-ad01-log-4.txt
│   la-ams-file02-log-1.txt
│   la-ams-file02-log-2.txt
│
└───subfolder
        la-osl-ad01-log-1.txt
        la-osl-file01-log-1.txt
        readme.txt

Copy File to Remote Computer with PowerShell

It’s also possible to copy files to and from a remote computer with PowerShell. There are two ways to do this, you could create a temporary network drive, using the New-PSDrive cmdlet. Or by first creating a new PowerShell session to a remote computer.

For this to work, you will need to have access to the remote computer, or use the credentials of the remote computer to start a PSSession:

$Session = New-PSSession -ComputerName "LazyServer01" -Credential "LazyAdmin\User01"

With the sessions created and stored in the $session variable, we can copy items to any location on the remote computer. The destination path, in this case, is the local path on the remote computer, so to copy files to the temp folder on the remote computer, you can simply use c:\temp as the destination path:

# Copy all files from the local temp folder to the temp folder on the remote computer
Copy-Item -Path c:\temp\local\* -Destination c:\temp\remote\ -ToSession $Session -Recurse

You can use the same method to copy files from a remote computer to your local computer with PowerShell. In this case, we only need to use the -FromSession parameter instead of the -ToSession.

$Session = New-PSSession -ComputerName "LazyServer01" -Credential "LazyAdmin\User01"
Copy-Item -Path c:\temp\remote* -Destination c:\temp\local\ -FromSession $Session -Recurse

Wrapping Up

The PowerShell Copy-Item cmdlet is really useful when it comes to copying files on your local or remote computer. You can’t compare it with the powerful robocopy command, but nevertheless, it’s still a useful cmdlet.